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Making Debian or Fedora persistent live images

Latest update: When you download a 'live' ISO, dd it to a USB drive, you notice that all your tweaks or installed packages vanish after a reboot. If you think about how most such 'live' ISOs work, it becomes apparent why: $ parted -s Fedora-Xfce-Live-44-1.7.x86_64.iso print free | grep '^[PN ]' Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 32.8kB 2897MB 2897MB ISO9660 hidden, msftdata 2 2897MB 2929MB 31.5MB fat16 Appended2 boot, esp 2929MB 2929MB 512B Free Space ISO9660 is a read-only filesystem, & the fact it was written onto a writable medium is irrelevant: its fs driver contains no implementation for writing data blocks, & the Linux VFS layer immediately returns EROFS (code 30, Read-only file system) when it sees that a fs was mounted read-only.

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