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Added sugar intake and its associations with incidence of cardiovascular disease
IntroductionThe adverse health effects of sugar-sweetened beverage intake are well-established, but the implications of overall added sugar intake remain unc...
Further exclusions were made of those with prevalent CVD (identified using national registers), self-reported diabetes at baseline, death prior to January 1 st, 1998, missing or incorrect ID, and those deemed to have had extreme energy intakes, since it could indicate misreporting. The clear associations between overall sweetened beverage intake and a higher risk of several CVDs (i.e., ischemic stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and abdominal aortic aneurysm) found in this study are supported by previous findings. Possible explanations of the discrepancies between the associations for sweetened beverages and treats and toppings include liquid calories providing lower satiety and insufficient compensatory reduction of caloric intake, thus promoting overweight and obesity, which are established risk factors for CVD ( 40).
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