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An experiment that turned back biological time
The story, science, and effort behind the discovery of the induced pluripotent stem cell
The test helps researchers identify specific DNA regions bound by proteins like transcription factors or modified histones, providing insights into gene regulation and epigenetics. They tested this by injecting the iPS cells into immunodeficient “nude” mice — and checking whether they develop into a teratoma, a tumor that includes a disorganized collection of tissues from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. A real-time PCR test revealed that the introduced factor genes were highly active, yet total protein levels mirrored those in ES cells, suggesting sophisticated internal controls managing the over-expression.
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