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Apple and Google have 'effective duopoly' in UK says regulator

The tech giants both expressed concern at the rulings, but said they will co-operate with investigations.

"We're concerned the rules the UK is now considering would undermine the privacy and security protections that our users have come to expect, hamper our ability to innovate, and force us to give away our technology for free to foreign competitors," an Apple spokesperson said. "While these companies have driven innovation, their dominance is now causing real harm to consumers and to the businesses that depend on them," said Rocio Concha, director of policy and advocacy. Apple and Google, along with other tech giants, are subject to a number of competition and regulation investigations in the UK, EU and US, under new laws introduced recently in each region.

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