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Artificial placenta: A new lifeline for premature babies?


Artificial placentas and wombs could save the lives of premature babies, but what ethical considerations must be addressed before human trials begin?

All three take their inspiration from an existing therapy called extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (Ecmo), a type of artificial life support that can help a person whose lungs and heart aren't functioning properly. Premature lambs maintained on the machine survived for 16 days before being safely transferred to mechanical ventilation"I wanted a platform that's readily available to most babies, and that could be used in existing neonatal intensive-care units," says Mychaliska. "We're now at a point where we can take a 500g [lamb] foetus and maintain it in what I would describe as a broadly normal physiological state for two weeks at a time," says Matt Kemp, professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at the National University of Singapore, who leads Eve.

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Artificial wombs for premature babies might soon begin human trials. An FDA panel discussed the new technology—tested only on animals so far—along with its risks and potential to improve survival of preterm infants.

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Researchers are trying to "trick nature" by creating an artificial womb for premature babies. The artificial placenta prototype recreates a protective environment with a translucent container made of biocompatible material inside which the foetus' lungs, intestines & brain can continue to develop.