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Colossus, the first large-scale electronic computer
was used against the German system of teleprinter encryption known at Bletchley Park as ‘Tunny’. Technologically more sophisticated than Enigma, Tunny carried the highest grade of intelligence.
Armed with Turingery and other hand methods, the Testery read nearly every message from July to October 1942—thanks to the insecure 12-letter indicator system, by means of which the German operator obligingly conveyed the wheel setting to the codebreakers. Time magazine reported, in total confusion: ‘At Bletchley Park, Alan Turing built a succession of vacuum-tube machines called Colossus that made mincemeat of Hitler’s Enigma codes’ (March 29, 1999). This claim is enshrined in codebreaking exhibits in leading museums; and in the Annals of the History of Computing Lee and Holtzman state that Turing ‘conceived of the construction and usage of high-speed electronic devices; these ideas were implemented as the "Colossus" machines’.
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