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Dissecting the Apple M1 GPU, the end
26 Aug 2025 In 2020, Apple released the M1 with a custom GPU. We got to work reverse-engineering the hardware and porting Linux.
Today, you can run Linux on a range of M1 and M2 Macs, with almost all hardware working: wireless, audio, and full graphics acceleration. After my final exams that semester, I took a few days off from Collabora to bring up an OpenGL driver capable of spinning gears with my new compiler. During that time, Panfrost grew from a kid’s pet project based on blackbox reverse-engineering, to a professional driver engineered by a team with Arm’s backing and hardware documentation.
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