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Giant Tonga Volcanic Eruption Could Disrupt Weather for Years to Come


Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (Hunga Tonga for short) erupted on January 15 2022 in the Pacific Kingdom of Tonga.

Our findings show the volcano can explain last year's extraordinarily large ozone hole, as well as the much wetter than expected summer of 2024. Because it was an underwater volcano, Hunga Tonga produced little smoke, but a lot of water vapor: 100–150 million tonnes, or the equivalent of 60,000 Olympic swimming pools. In terms of global mean temperatures, which are a measure of how much climate change we are experiencing, the impact of Hunga Tonga is very small, only about 0.015 degrees Celsius.

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