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Gold Nanorods Are 'Waking Up' the Immune System to Fight Cancer in New Breakthrough Treatment
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada - 2Department of Diagnoses, Sona Nanotech Inc.™, Halifax, NS, Canada - 3Department of R&D, Sona Nanotech Inc.™, Halifax, NS, Canada - 4Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Introduction: Hyperthermia is an established adjunct in multimodal cancer treatments, with mechanisms including cell death, immune modulation, and vascular changes. Traditional hyperthermia applications are resource-intensive and often associated with patient morbidity, limiting their clinical accessibility.
The molecular mechanisms (in part) underlying this process involve the activation of heat shock proteins, disruption of cellular homeostasis, and induction of oxidative stress, leading to irreversible damage to cancer cells ( 10). In this study, we demonstrate in two distinctly different, immunogenically ‘cold’ preclinical models (4T1 and B16-F10) that by leveraging the unique properties of GNRs to transform NIR light into thermal energy for the precise delivery of THT into TMEs, we successfully activate ICD and tumor-directed innate immunity. Additionally, while other GNR systems reported in the literature required extended heating protocols, such as four 15-minute irradiation sessions, Sona Nanotech Inc.™ GNRs achieved comparable tumor cell death outcomes with a single 5-minute NIR light activation ( Figure 3) ( 46).
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