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High-resolution genomic history of early medieval Europe
Twigstats, a method for ancestry reconstruction, provides high-resolution genetic histories and movement patterns of people living in Europe during the first millennium ce.
For the well-studied example of three major ancestries contributing to prehistoric Europe, that is, Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, early farmers and steppe populations 13, 14, 15, 16, we obtain unbiased estimates and an approximately 20% improvement in standard errors in an already well-powered qpAdm model 46(Extended Data Fig. Encouragingly, the MDS model supports regional fine-scale genetic structures reflected in our source groups, such as the separation of predominantly Norwegian and northern Swedish EIA individuals from southern Peninsular Scandinavia (Fig. Our modelling supports the idea that some groups that probably spoke Germanic languages from Scandinavia expanded south across the Baltic into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers in the early centuries ce, although whether these expansions can be linked specifically with historical Goths is still debatable.
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