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Ironies of Automation (1983)
This paper discusses ways in which automation of industrial processes may expand rather than eliminate problems with the human operator. ...
Most of the 'big' papers took months of total concentration to write (the marvellous long vacation) - first coming up with relevant points, then mulling over the issues and helping them to emerge into a coherent framework, then translating that into a linear form which could be expressed in sentences. However, as Bibby and colleagues (1975) point out : "even highly automated systems such as electric power networks, need human beings for supervision, adjustment, maintenance, expansion and improvement. The important ironies of the classic approach to automation lie in the expectations of the system designers, and in the nature of the tasks left for the human operators to carry out.
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