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LLMs solving problems OCR+NLP couldn't

The stack that for decades provided document understanding is now losing against Generative AI. Here are some patterns that these models were struggling with but now are solved by GPT-5 and friends.

150 years of research, engineering breakthroughs and hundreds of IDP products later we were finally able to scan a receipt and have the fields be filled out - if it looked nice and friendly enough to the OCR model. This meant OCR models were basically just helpers for data scientists, handling cleanups, routings, and post-validations to get something only vaguely close to real automation at work. What gives LLMs the power to declare victory in dozens of areas that were previously considered their own domain comes down to two characteristics of the Transformer architecture and its training:

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