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Mid-sized cities outperform major metros at turning economic growth into patents


Mid-sized American cities outperform major metros at turning economic growth into patents — challenging where we think innovation happens.

These booms create substantial economic shocks across communities: population increases 1.9%, employment rises 3.7%, wages grow 2.2%, personal income climbs 1.8%, GDP jumps 4.6%, and local government revenue surges 6.2%. The strongest effects emerge in urban areas with median populations around 75,000 — large enough for meaningful knowledge spillovers but small enough to avoid the congestion costs of major metros. Berkeley economist Enrico Moretti has argued that concentrated tech hubs produce more innovation per dollar invested — an efficiency case for keeping R&D funding in Silicon Valley.

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