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One Head, Two Brains: The origins of split-brain research (2015)


How a radical epilepsy treatment in the early 20th century paved the way for modern-day understandings of perception, consciousness, and the self

In a paper he and a colleague published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1940, Van Wagenen explained his reasoning: He had developed the idea for the surgery after observing two epilepsy patients with brain tumors located in the corpus callosum. The patient Bogen had in mind was a man in his late forties named William Jenkins, a World War II veteran who had been hit in the head with the butt of a German officer’s rifle after parachuting behind enemy lines. Today’s therapies for seizures are more advanced than those of the mid-20th century, and split-brain surgery is now exceedingly rare —Michael Miller, a neuroscientist at the University of California at Santa Barbara who did graduate work with Gazzaniga, told me the last one he heard of was performed around 10 years ago.

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