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SAR-DT Reveals Internal Structure of the Great Pyramid of Giza

A problem with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is that due to the poor penetrating action of electromagnetic waves inside solid bodies, the capability to observe inside distributed targets is precluded. Under these conditions, imaging action is provided only on the surface of distributed targets. The present work describes an imaging method based on the analysis of micro-movements on the Khnum-Khufu Pyramid, which are usually generated by background seismic waves. The obtained results prove to be very promising, as high-resolution full 3D tomographic imaging of the pyramid’s interior and subsurface was achieved. Khnum-Khufu becomes transparent when observed in the micro-movement domain. Based on this novelty, we have completely reconstructed internal objects, observing and measuring structures that have never been discovered before. The experimental results are estimated by processing series of SAR images from the second-generation Italian COSMO-SkyMed satellite system, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The proposed approach is for the MM estimation of ships, occupying thousands of pixels, which processes the information generated during the coregistration of several re-synthesized time-domain and not overlapped Doppler sub-apertures of the COSMO-SkyMed satellite single-look complex (SLC) data. This complex structure (Number 9 in the 3D model) is characterized by a small conduit placed in a central position that runs a short distance in a vertical direction, in analogy with the presence of a similar building also in El-Aryan [ 7, 8,] and Saqqara []. The three boulders that today are wedged at the beginning of the oblique corridor leading to the Great Gallery would have been used as “plugs” to block the access of water to the exit of the pyramid or from the Queen’s chamber by making them flow in different positions as needed.

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