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SHH – Sonic Hedgehog Protein

protein Sonic hedgehog protein (SHH) is a major signaling molecule of embryonic development in humans and other animals, encoded by the SHH gene.[5] This signaling molecule is key in regulating embryonic morphogenesis in all animals. SHH controls organogenesis and the organization of the central nervous system, limbs, digits and many other parts of the body.

Mutations in this gene can cause holoprosencephaly, a failure of splitting in the cerebral hemispheres,[7] as demonstrated in an experiment using SHH knock-out mice in which the forebrain midline failed to develop and instead only a single fused telencephalic vesicle resulted. Of the hh homologues, SHH has been found to have the most critical roles in development, acting as a morphogen involved in patterning many systems—including the anterior pituitary,[23] pallium of the brain,[24] spinal cord,[25] lungs,[26] teeth[27] and the thalamus by the zona limitans intrathalamica. PMID 19338391.^ Nanni L, Ming JE, Bocian M, Steinhaus K, Bianchi DW, Die-Smulders C, Giannotti A, Imaizumi K, Jones KL, Campo MD, Martin RA, Meinecke P, Pierpont ME, Robin NH, Young ID, Roessler E, Muenke M (December 1999).

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