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Teen mathematicians tie knots through a mind-blowing fractal


Three high schoolers and their mentor revisited a century-old theorem to prove that all knots can be found in a fractal called the Menger sponge.

Three high school students — Niko Voth (top right), Joshua Broden (bottom right) and Noah Nazareth (far left) — recently proved a new theorem about knots and fractals with the help of their mentor Malors, a mathematician at the University of Toronto. After just a few months of weekly Zoom meetings with Malors, three of his high school students — Joshua Broden, Noah Nazareth and Niko Voth — were able to show that all knots can indeed be found inside the Menger sponge. It was at this stage, according to Malors, that the students learned the pain of math research — that a large part of the discipline involves struggling with the failure of a promising avenue of attack.

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