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Tempest Anderson: Pioneer of Volcano Photography (2015)

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM - Pat Hadley, Sarah King and Stuart Ogilvy present a fascinating selection of photographs from the collection of Tempest Anderson, the pioneering Victorian volcanologist.

But in a minute a slight puff of wind came from the south-east, very gentle, but enough to ripple the water and fill the sails, We had drifted out from the shore, so we gave our boatmen instructions to keep the boat close-hauled, and draw into the land, as the cloud was passing more to the westward. Then, when we looked at the cloud again ; it was changed, it showed no more the boiling, spouting, furious vigour, but the various rounded lobes in its point swelled slowly and to greater size, while fresh ones did not shoot forward, and the mass had a more reposeful and less violent appearance. These observations, their studies and photographs led to the proper recognition for the first time of what are now known as ‘pyroclastic flows’ - heavier-than-air masses of volcanic gas and ash that tumble down the slopes at high speeds and enormous temperatures.

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