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The Universal Tech Tree


When we try and pick out any technology in isolation, we find it hitched, in some way, to every innovation that preceded it. (Except for the Oldowan hand axe. We had to start somewhere.)

Mention anywhere online that you consider Civilization to be educational, and you are certain to attract comments on how the game promotes a problematic model of history — not least because tech trees reinforce the idea that technological progress is linear, deterministic, and teleological. Were light-emitting diodes invented in 1927 (first working version by Soviet scientist Oleg Losev), 1962 (reinvented by Texas Instruments for infrared and General Electric for visible red light), or 1968 (first practical displays by Hewlett-Packard)? During World War I, the British and Americans both experimented with radio-based remote control — which had been prototyped by Leonardo Torres Quevedo in Spain and Nikola Tesla in the U.S. using recently discovered principles of radio — to fly unmanned airplanes.

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Universal Tech Tree