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Why Medieval Women Sometimes Fought in Bloody Trials by Combat


In cases of rape and sexual violence, women had few other avenues for seeking justice.

You may have even seen these images pop up on your social media feeds on Reddit or X, with false claims that they show a legal recourse for medieval German couples seeking divorce. The medieval law term describes rape, kidnapping, and sexual assault committed specifically against women, says Ariella Elema, an archivist and legal historian specializing in these duels. A 1276 law from Augsburg, a Bavarian city some 150 miles northwest of Munich, specifies that a woman could bring an accusation of an unwitnessed rape against a male perpetrator in court.

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